CFRP反射器型面主动控制和作动器位置优化

研究了运用压电陶瓷作动器对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）格栅反射器的型面主动控制。首先，采用了一种具有独立电压自由度的梁单元，以及考虑高阶剪切变形的板单元，对主控格栅反射器进行有限元建模；运用能量变分哈密尔顿原理推导了主控格栅反射器的有限元控制方程，并给出了反射面型面残余均方根（RMS）误差最小的电压最优控制方法。然后，研究了在典型载荷下，反射面残余RMS误差最小的PZT作动器位置分布的优化配置问题；提出了一种将遗传算法和梯度投影方法相结合的改进优化方法，用来求出在限定作动器数量的条件下，作动器几何位置的优化配置，使控制后反射面的残余RMS误差最小；给出的数值算例验证了方法的正确性和有效性。最后，研制了格栅反射器型面主动控制的实验样机，针对反射器的初始制造误差进行了型面主动控制，验证了控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous N/O Functionalized Carbon Derived from Blighted Grains Towards Electrochemical Capacitors

The hierarchical porous N/O co-functionalized carbon(HPNOC)was scalably prepared by using the lowcost and renewable blighted grains as the raw material coupled with mild KHCO_3 activation for electrochemical capacitors(ECs).The elemental N was in situ doped in the obtained HPNOC without any N-containing additives.Remarkably,the obtained HPNOC was endowed with a large specific surface area(about 2 624m~2·g~(-1)),high pore volume(about 1.35cm~3·g~(-1)),as well as high-content N/O functionalization(about 1.9%(in atom)N and about 10.2%(in atom)O.Furthermore,the as-resulted HPNOC electrode with a high mass loading of 5mg·cm~(-2 )exhibited competitive gravimetric capacitances of about 373.6F·g~(-1 )at 0.5A·g~(-1),and even about 260.4F·g~(-1 )at a high rate of 10A·g~(-1);superior capacitance retention of about 98.8%at 1A·g~(-1 )over 10 000consecutive cycles;and high specific energy of about 9.6W·h·kg~(-1 )at a power of 500W·kg~(-1),when evaluated as a promising electrode in 6mol KOH for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.More encouragingly,the green synthetic strategy we developed holds a huge promise in generalizing for other biomass-derived carbon materials for versatile energy-related applications.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

椭圆轨道卫星对地全球覆盖电推进控制

针对椭圆轨道卫星近/远地点的星下点对全球或特定纬度区域的访问问题，提出一种连续小推力下的对地覆盖控制策略。首先，推导了自然摄动对卫星拱线变化的影响，并探讨了进行小推力覆盖控制的必要性。然后，针对燃料消耗的优化问题，将控制方程展开成含傅里叶级数的形式，用以获得便于星上计算的解析形式的次优解，同时探讨了截取阶数与优化程度的关系。在进行拱线控制的同时，通过合理设置约束，对椭圆轨道的近地点高度进行保护，确保卫星安全运行。仿真结果表明，提出的方法能够以适当的燃料消耗代价实现椭圆轨道的近/远地点的全球覆盖控制或特定纬度区域的反复推扫，且控制力在可接受的范围内。     

Simulation and Analysis of Electromagnetic Force in Laser Melting Deposition by Electromagnetic Impact

Magnetic field was introduced in laser melting deposition to reduce the pores in workpieces.Finite 3-D model of the coil-deposition layer-substrate was established.Simulation results show that the electromagnetic force in deposition layer mainly concentrates in the projection area of the coil.Axial electromagnetic force shows repulsion in one cycle.The experimental results indicate that the magnetic field is beneficial for grain refinement,microhardness increasement and decline of quantities and average sizes of pores.     

高超声速飞行器再入段LQR自抗扰控制方法设计

针对高超声速飞行器(HSV)再入过程中强非线性、强耦合、气动参数变化剧烈的不确定性的特点，提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和自抗扰控制(ADRC)的高超声速飞行器再入段的姿态控制方法。首先，建立高超声速飞行器再入段线性化模型，并采用LQR方法完成了状态反馈控制律设计。然后，结合自抗扰控制技术，设计了扩张状态观测器(ESO)对系统的模型不确定性和外部干扰进行补偿，大幅增强了系统的扰动抑制能力。最后，将得到的高超声速飞行器再入段LQR自抗扰姿态控制器(LQRADRC)应用于高超声速飞行器六自由度仿真，仿真结果表明本文所提出的控制方法能够快速、精确地跟踪角位置指令，并且对系统不确定性具有强鲁棒性。     

面向学生的智能解题专家系统的研究与设计

探讨了网络在专家系统中的应用 ,给出了一个基于网络的面向学生的智能解题专家系统的模型 ,分析了设计的基本过程。从专家系统出发 ,探讨了基于知识的推理系统。最后 ,从以上设计出发 ,总结了基于该模型的系统需进一步研究的工作。     

燃气的基准表及图制定

本文在阐述基准的热力学概念基础上,提出了燃气基准的计算方法,应用CHAPPELL推荐的有关燃气热力性质表达式,导出计算燃气基准的公式,通过微机计算,将结果整理成燃气基准的有关表、图。     

Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

The mitigation of FM interference in GPS receivers is considered. In difference to commonly assumed wideband and narrowband interferers, the FM interferers are wideband, but instantaneously narrowband, and as such, have clear time-frequency (TF) signatures that are distinct from the GPS coarse acquisition (C/A) spread spectrum code. In the proposed technique, the estimate of the FM interference instantaneous frequency (IF) and the interference spatial signature are used to construct the spatiotemporal interference subspace. The IF estimates can be provided using existing effective linear or bilinear TF methods. The undesired signal arrival is suppressed by projecting the input data on the interference orthogonal subspace. With a multisensor receiver, the distinctions in both the spatial and TF signatures of signal arrivals allow effective interference suppressions. The deterministic nature of the signal model is considered and the known underlying structure of the GPS C/A code is utilized. We derive the receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under exact and perturbed IF values. The effect of IF estimation errors on both pseudorange measurements and navigation data recovery is analyzed. Simulation results comparing the receiver performances under IF errors in single and multiantenna GPS receivers are provided.